            **`I N D E X`**

Basic Concepts

Mathematical Operations

To do a calculation, you have to enter it into a print statement.
Rational Operators (outputs are Boolean Operations)
Division results in a decimal at the end of your output
```
print((4 + 8) / 2)
```
While putting spaces around an operation sign isn’t necessary, it does make reading code easier.
Can use a minus sign to make a number negative (ex: -8)
Arithmetic Operators

In-Place Operators

go to top

In-place operators: allows code such as ‘x=x+3’ to be written more concisely, replacing the old variable being worked on, Can be used with any numerical operators (+, -, *, /, %, **, //)

x -= 2
x /= 3
x *= 5

can also be used for string concatenation

x = 'spam'
print(x)

x += 'eggs'
print(x)

can use parentheses to indicate the operation you want done first
```
print(2 * (3 + 4))
```

Data Types

go to top

Data Name	Definition	Example
String	text enclosed in single or double quotes	“Hello world” or ‘Hello world’
Integer	whole numbers (can be used in mathematical operations)	42 or 12
Float	A decimal number, caused by division (can be used in mathematical operations)	42.5 or 12.0

when a float is added to an integer, it always comes out a float even with no remainder (ex: 12.0 + 4 = 16.0)
dividing with a slash always causes a float, even if dividing integers

Strings Explained

everything in quotes (”” or ‘’) is a string, even numbers
\ : escape character (represents things in a string such as new lines, tabs, and other useful things)
same as newline, but less repetitive, is the three quotes
to make a string repeat itself on the same line, program print(’string’ * integer)
- cannot do string + integer
- cannot do string * string
- cannot so string * float
adding strings together is called concatenation

Comments & Docstrings

go to top

Comments are annotations to code using an octothorpe ( # ) to help explain what’s going on in your code or to add notes. Any text after using # will be ignored and not applied to your code
docstrings can be done to add multiple lines of comments explaining of a function below the functions first line, acting as documentation for other developers who use your function. Unlike comments, docstrings can be inspected at run time (or when your code has been run).

Print Command

go to top